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The NANOGrav Eleven-year Data Set: High-precision timing of 45 Millisecond Pulsars

机译:NaNOGrav十一年数据集:45的高精度计时   毫秒脉冲星

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摘要

We present high-precision timing data over timespans of up to 11 years for 45millisecond pulsars observed as part of the North American NanohertzObservatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) project, aimed at detecting andcharacterizing low-frequency gravitational waves. The pulsars were observedwith the Arecibo Observatory and/or the Green Bank Telescope at frequenciesranging from 327 MHz to 2.3 GHz. Most pulsars were observed with approximatelymonthly cadence, with six high--timing-precision pulsars observed weekly, andall were observed at widely separated frequencies at each observing epoch inorder to fit for time-variable dispersion delays. We describe our methods fordata processing, time-of-arrival (TOA) calculation, and the implementation of anew, automated method for removing outlier TOAs. We fit a timing model for eachpulsar which includes spin, astrometric, and, if necessary, binary parameters,in addition to time-variable dispersion delays and parameters that quantifypulse-profile evolution with frequency. The new timing solutions provide threenew parallax measurements, two new Shapiro-delay measurements, and two newmeasurements of large orbital-period variations. We fit models thatcharacterize sources of noise for each pulsar. We find that 11 pulsars showsignificant red noise, with generally smaller spectral indices than typicallymeasured for non-recycled pulsars, possibly suggesting a different origin.Future papers will use these data to constrain or detect the signatures ofgravitational-wave signals.
机译:作为北美纳赫兹引力波天文台(NANOGrav)项目的一部分,我们提供了长达11年的45毫秒脉冲星的高精度定时数据,旨在检测和表征低频引力波。用Arecibo天文台和/或Green Bank望远镜在327 MHz至2.3 GHz的频率范围内观测到了脉冲星。大多数脉冲星的观测频率大约为每月一次,每周观测六个高精度定时脉冲星,并且在每个观测时期都以相距很远的频率观测所有脉冲星,以适应随时间变化的色散延迟。我们描述了用于数据处理,到达时间(TOA)计算的方法,以及用于消除异常TOA的新的自动化方法的实现。我们为每个脉冲星拟合了一个时序模型,该模型包括自旋,天体测量以及必要时的二进制参数,以及随时间变化的色散延迟和量化脉冲轮廓随频率变化的参数。新的定时解决方案提供了三个新的视差测量,两个新的Shapiro延迟测量以及两个新的大轨道周期变化测量。我们拟合了表征每个脉冲星噪声源的模型。我们发现11个脉冲星显示出明显的红色噪声,其光谱指数通常比非回收脉冲星的典型光谱指数要小,这可能表明其起源不同。未来的论文将使用这些数据来约束或检测引力波信号的特征。

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